What are solar cells?
Solar cell is an electronic device that makes electricity from sunlight. Solar cells are often called solar modules, and small solar cells are bundled together to make large solar panels (which you see on people's houses, usually on the roof).
Battery is made to create electricity from the solar panel and to collect its energy, which we keep for our use.
Solar cells are also called photovoltaic cells, because the word photo is taken from the Greek language, which means light.
The sun's light is made of very small photons, which shines in the sun's light. If you bring one of the solar cell rods into the sun's light then it will convert this light into the stream of electrons, it is called the widow flow.
Each cell generates some voltage of electricity, so the work of a solar panel is to combine the energy produced by many cells, which increases the amount of useful electrical current and voltage.
Today all of the solar cells are made of silicon slices (one of the most common chemical elements on the earth, is found in the sand) However, as we will see soon, many other materials can be used (or instead of) is. When the sunlight lights on a solar cell, the energy explodes outside of silicon. They can be forced to flow around the electric circuit and anything that moves on electricity.
How are solar cells made?
Silicon is neither a conductor nor an insulator: it is a semiconductor that usually does not take electricity, but in certain circumstances we can do it. The solar cell is a sandwich of two different layers of silicon, which is specially doped so that they can give electricity through them in a special way.
The lower layer is covered, so there is little electron in it, it is called P-Type or Positive-type silicon. Doping in the opposite direction to give the upper layer a bit more electrons, it is called the N-type or negative-type silicon.
When we put an N-type silicon layer on the layer of P-type silicon, then a layer becomes called a junction. No electron can cross this junction, even if we do not apply any voltage to this silicon sandwich.
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But if we put light on silicon, then the photons enter the junction of silicon, and they release their energy in silicon. Energy electrons open out of the lower, P-type layer, so they jump over the N-type layer from the top and flow around the circuit.
As we put more light on silicon, the more photons leave their energy inside them and the flow of the electron increases, which causes more current flows.
